GARLIC
Go to a seed site and pick the kind of bulbs you would want based on desired taste. Pick one that's suited for cold winters. I like something like a German Hardy.
Till your dirt up nicely. I use a lot of manure and hit it with a decent dose of Rock Phosphate which they like. They do need nutrient rich soil.
Break your bulb(head) apart and do your planting around Labor day. Plant the cloves about 4-8" apart (with the root end down and pointy end up).
Do normal weeding.
Some people say to put mulch over the plants for the winter but I never do and have never had a problem.
In the Spring, watch for the "scapes". These are the center chutes that come out of the center of the plant. They're conical in shape as opposed to the flat leaves. As they grow, they'll start to curl and eventually start to flower. Just at the point they start to flower, pinch off the scape down low where it meets the leaves. DON'T THROW AWAY THE SCAPES! They're delicious. You can eat them raw or saute or whatever you want. What I'd recommend is you eat the first one raw. Start at the bottom and eat your way towards the top. As you get closer to the top, you'll find it getting "chewy" and "stringy". When you get to that point, you stop and throw away from there to the top. You'll then have the idea of where to stop on the rest of them.
While you're harvesting the scapes, leave the rest of the garlic to grow (at least several weeks). It's now recognized no flower = push everything back into the bulb so this is good for their size.
The leaves will start to brown, starting from the top and working their way to the bulb. When about 2/3 or 3/4 of the leaves are brown, it's time to harvest the garlic. Carefully pull the bulbs out, leaving the leaves attached.
While sitting at a picnic table with your garlic and a pair of scissors, cut off the stem about 10-12" above the bulb. Try to be consistent on how much you cut off of each. Trim the roots and peal off the outermost layer of skin to get rid of the dirt. Sometimes I cheat and just rinse down the garlic but that's not preferred as you're going into the drying phase.
OK, now, depending on whether you bought soft or hard neck.
Hard neck:
Take about 10-15 of your bulbs and tie them together so they'll hang as a group. Hang them up in an area that's dry and has decent ventilation. Repeat those 10-15 groupings for all your garlic. Let them hang dry for a couple weeks. You can then take them down and cut off the stems. Store your bulbs in a moderate/dry climate.
Soft neck:
Instead of 10-15 hanging together, use less and braid the stalks. Again, take a string and hang them up for a couple weeks. They're then ready for whenever you need them but leave the stalks and braid in place. Just cut off a bulb when you need one. I don't care for the braiding or storing so I stick with hard necks.